Syllabus

Graduate Programs in Public Health

GPH 714 Principles of Public Health – Spring A 2018

Credits - 3

Description

This course will examine public health principles and concepts. It will provide a broad framework for understanding public health’s role in community health, prevention, and medicine. Using the five core public health knowledge areas and the ten essential public health services as a foundation, students will explore public health infrastructure, surveillance, social determinants of health, policy, and emerging issues. In addition, the course will weave public health areas such as chronic disease, infectious disease, environmental health, maternal and child health, and injury into discussions and assignments.

Materials

Schneider M. Introduction to Public Health. 5^th ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2017. (ISBN:9781284089233)

Riegelman, R and Kirkwood, B. (2018). One Health: From AIDS to Zika.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

Program / Course Outcomes

Explain public health history, philosophy and values
Identify the core functions of public health and the 10 Essential Services*
Explain the role of quantitative and qualitative methods and sciences in describing and assessing a population’s health
List major causes and trends of morbidity and mortality in the United States or other community relevant to the school or program
Discuss the science of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in population health, including health promotion, screening, etc.
Explain the critical importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge
Explain effects of environmental factors on a population’s health
Explain biological and genetic factors that affect a population’s health
Explain behavioral and psychological factors that affect a population’s health
Explain the social, political and economic determinants of health and how they contribute to population health and health inequities
Explain how globalization affects global burdens of disease
Explain an ecological perspective on the connections among human health, animal health and ecosystem health (e.g., One Health)
Compare the organization, structure and function of public health across international settings

Assignments

Students are expected to complete all course requirements outlined below. Each course is worth 100 points, and student work is evaluated based on achievement of learning objectives as measured by criteria outlined in the respective scoring rubrics for assignments and discussion boards.

Quizzes: Quizzes will test you on your knowledge of key concepts and terminology covered each week.

Class Discussions: Weekly discussion forums are an essential part of the online course experience. Discussion prompts build on readings, lectures and course content, and allow students to contribute to the learning experience through collaboration with the instructor and peers.

Importance of Evidence Writing Assignment – Week 2: Using the information from this week’s readings and lectures, write a well structured, 2 page essay explaining the critical importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge. Use a health topic of interest to illustrate your argument and give specific examples of the type(s) of evidence that would be important to use. References should be cited in AMA style.

Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective Writing Assignment – Week 8: For this assignment, please write a 2-3 page response paper reacting to the prompt below. Your paper should draw on the module readings and videos, as well as outside articles (the academic and gray literature only – as discussed in week 2) to support your arguments. Be sure to reference and properly cite throughout, in AMA style.

As highlighted in the video from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is currently one of the most important global health challenges we face, and one that exemplifies the need for a One Health approach which requires us to develop a public health response from a systems, or ecological, perspective.

First, discuss Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) from this One Health perspective, being sure to describe how AMR affects the health of animals, humans, and the environment. Then, engaging with the arguments made in the Zinsstag reading, evaluate whether or not you think that mainstreaming One Health is an effective response for addressing AMR globally.

Grading Policy

Your grade in this course will be determined by the following criteria:

Grade Breakdown

Assignment	Points/Percent of Grade
Discussion Board: Oral Presentation on Local Public Health Practice	8
Week 1 Quiz	6
Writing Assignment on the Importance of Evidence in Writing	8
Week 2 Quiz	6
Discussion Board: Morbidity and Mortality	8
Week 3 Quiz	5
Discussion Board: Social Determinants of Health	8
Week 4 Quiz	3
Discussion Board: Healthcare Costs	8
Week 5 Quiz	6
Discussion Board: Environmental Health	8
Week 6 Quiz	5
Discussion Board: Global Health	8
Week 7 Quiz	2.5
Writing Assignment on Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective	8
Week 8 Quiz	2.5
Total	100 points

Grade Scale

Grade	Points Grade	Point Average (GPA)
A	94 – 100%	4.00
A-	90 – 93%	3.75
B+	87 – 89%	3.50
B	84 – 86%	3.00
B-	80 – 83%	2.75
C+	77 – 79%	2.50
C	74 – 76%	2.00
C-	70 – 73%	1.75
D	64 – 69%	1.00
F	00 – 63%	0.00

Schedule

Course Weeks

Each week opens on Wednesday at 12:01 AM Eastern Time. Each week closes on Wednesday at 11:59 pm ET, with the exception of Week 8, which ends on Sunday at 11:59 pm ET. Specific due dates can be found within the Blackboard Calendar feature in your Global Navigation. For more information, review the following article:

https://help.blackboard.com/en-us/Learn/9.1_SP_12_and_SP_13/Student/110_Nav_My_Blackboard

Week 1	Jan 3 – Jan 10
Week 2	Jan 10 – Jan 17
Week 3	Jan 17 – Jan 24
Week 4	Jan 24 – Jan 31
Week 5	Jan 31 – Feb 7
Week 6	Feb 7 – Feb 14
Week 7	Feb 14 – Feb 21
Week 8	Feb 21 – Feb 25 (Sunday)

The assignment/discussion descriptions mentioned below are summaries. Please make sure to review the full assignment prompts in Blackboard. There may be additional readings/videos that are not mentioned in this weekly summary, make sure to carefully review the modules in Blackboard.

Week 1 – Introduction to Public Health

Learning Objectives

Explain public health history, philosophy and values
Identify the core functions of public health and the 10 Essential Services

Lecture and Readings

Lecture
- Principles of Public Health
Readings
- Textbook Prologue: Public Health in the News
- Textbook Chapter 1: Public Health: Science, Politics and Prevention
- Textbook Chapter 2: Why is Public Health Controversial?

Activities

Discussion board
- Introduce yourself to your instructor and classmates. Where are you located in the world, and what has brought you to this program? Also, what are your public health interests and goals?
Discussion board
- Initial Post: Identify a public health practice site in your community. Research your site online and prepare a 5 minute presentation to introduce your site to your colleagues.
  In your presentation, describe the type of site, the population they serve, their mission, and their primary public health activities. If you are choosing a large organization, such as as a health department, you may find it easier to focus on one department within the organization. Relate the organization’s work to this week’s discussion and readings on the philosophy and values associated with public health and where your site’s activities fit within the 10 Essential Public Health Services. Do not review the full list, but choose one or two from the list of 10 Essential Services discussed this week and discuss how these services relate to the work of your site. Be sure to include a link to your site’s website. Your presentation should provide enough information for another student to use it in creating an email to the site.
  
  Follow these directions for recording and submitting your presentation.
- Response Post: Listen to your your classmates’ presentations, and select one that has not yet been selected. Compose a brief professional email to your classmate’s organization. Introduce yourself and let them know why you would like to work with their organization, either as a volunteer or as part of a practicum experience.
  (You do not need to cite references in your email, but if you do use an outside source, you should cite it according to AMA guidelines.)

Quiz

Week 2 – Public Health Research and Writing

Learning Objectives

Explain the critical importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge

Videos and Readings

Lecture
- Academic Writing – Micaela Karlsen, MSPH
Readings
- Jacobs JA, Jones E, Gabella BA, Spring B, Brownson RC. Tools for Implementing an Evidence-Based Approach in Public Health Practice. Prev Chronic Dis 2012;9:110324. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110324
- Textbook Chapter 8: The Role of Data in Public Health

Additional Resources – Familiarize yourself with them for this week:

Evidence-Based Public Health: Finding and Appraising Relevant Resources, Section 1, pp. 4-18: https://library.umassmed.edu/ebpph/ebpph2006intro.pdf
Minger, D. (2014). How to Read a Scientific Paper. Adapted from: Death by food pyramid : How shoddy science, sketchy politics and shady special interests have ruined our health. (pp. 79-81).New York: Primal Nutrition, Inc. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uneedu/detail.action?docID=1593765
Using PubMed at UNE
PubMed tutorials:
- PubMed simple subject searching
- PubMed simple subject search: how it works
- Advanced Search Builder
- Find a Systematic Review
- PubMed Scope information
Livingson K. Basic Guide to Essay Writing
UNE Sample Paper
UNE AMA Style Guide

Video

Academic Integrity and Professional Conduct at UNE – Micaela Karlsen, MSPH

Additional Resources – Read for this week:

Academic Integrity
- Overview of Common Types of Plagiarism

Activities

Assignment
- Using the information from this week’s readings and lectures, write a well structured, 2 page essay explaining the critical importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge. Use a health topic of interest to illustrate your argument and give specific examples of the type(s) of evidence that would be important to use. References should be cited in AMA style.
Quiz

Week 3 – Epidemiology / Biostatistics

Learning Objectives

Explain the role of quantitative and qualitative methods and sciences in describing and assessing a population’s health.
List major causes and trends of morbidity and mortality in the US or other community relevant to the school or program.
Explain biological and genetic factors that affect a population’s health.

Lecture and Readings

Lecture
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics – The Basic Sciences of Public Health

Readings
- Textbook Chapter 4: Epidemiology: The Basic Science of Public Health
- Textbook Chapter 5: Epidemiologic Principles and Methods
- Textbook Chapter 7: Statistics: Making Sense of Uncertainty
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Leading Cause of Death in the US
- CDC’s Chronic Disease Overview

Activities

Discussion Board:
- Initial Post: The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The MMWR includes “timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations.” Public health professionals rely on the MMWR to inform their practice.
  Select a common cause of morbidity or mortality in the US that is of interest to you. Search the MMWR series (use search box in upper right hand corner of: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index.html) and select a recent MMWR that focuses on your disease or condition of interest.
  
  Answer the following questions:
  - Describe the key information included in the publication.
  - What is the public health significance of the information?
  - How might public health professionals utilize the information in practice?
  - Note whether or not the selected disease or condition is a “notifiable condition” and what that means for public health professionals.
- Response Post: Select a peer’s post that focuses on a different disease or condition than your initial post. Search the peer reviewed literature to identify an epidemiologic study of the disease or condition. The study should relate to your peer’s proposal for how public health professionals will use the information from the MMWR. It can build on or conflict with the MMWR. In your response, name the epidemiologic study and summarize the study participants (i.e., who was enrolled in the study?). Comment on how the results from this study build on or conflict with the information in the initial post. How, if at all, does this affect how public health professionals use the MMWR information in practice?

Quiz

Week 4 – Social and Behavioral Health

Learning Objectives

Discuss the science of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in population health, including health promotion, screening, etc.
Explain behavioral and psychological factors that affect a population’s health
Explain the social, political and economic determinants of health and how they contribute to population health and health inequities

Lecture, Videos and Readings

Lecture
- Social Determinants of Health: The Basics
Videos
- TED Talk on SDOH by Dr. Rishi Manchanda
Readings
- Textbook Chapter 13: Do people choose their own health?
- Textbook Chapter 14: How psychosocial factors affect health behavior
- Textbook Chapter 15: Public health enemy number one: tobacco
- Investigating the root causes of the global health crisis, Paul Farmer

Activities

Discussion board
- Initial post: Everyone’s lives are impacted by social determinants of health (SDOH). Consider one of your “networks” – friends, family or community – and analyze it for any social determinants that may be affecting the health of the individuals or populations to which you are connected. Try to identify the upstream sources of these issues, the SDOH.
- First Response post: Evaluate a classmates’ identification of SDOH in their networks. Are they correctly attributing issues they see in their network to upstream sources? Why or why not?
- Second Response post: Responding to a different classmate and their discussion of social determinants of health with their population, find a recent peer-reviewed article that addresses intervention efforts focused on a specific SDOH. Evaluate whether such an intervention would work on the population and SDOH you have identified. Why or why not?
Quiz

Week 5 – Health Policy and Administration

Learning Objectives

Compare the organization, structure and function of health care, public health and regulatory systems across national settings.

Lecture, Videos and Readings

Lectures
- Introduction
- Public Health and Medicine
Videos
- Affordable Care Act Video (10 minutes) by D. Bona, E. Shinault & K. Furry
Readings
- Textbook Chapter 26: Is the medical care system a public health issue?
- Textbook Chapter 27: Why the US medical system needs reform
- Gwande, A. The cost conundrum. The New Yorker. 2009; 1 June: 36-44. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/06/01/the-cost-conundrum
- Gwande, A. Overkill: An avalanche of unnecessary medical care is harming patients physically and financially. What can we do about it? The New Yorker. 2015; 11 June: 41-46. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/11/overkill-atul-gawande

Activities

Discussion board
- Initial Post: Read Dr. Gawande’s articles, The Cost Conundrum and Overkill. In a 205-500 word essay, analyze Gawande’s premise that overutilization of services by health care providers was the key driver of high healthcare costs in McAllen, Texas. In the essay, describe whether you agree or disagree with the author’s assessment and why or why not? Identify how the organization and structure of health care, public health and regulatory factors in the U.S.contributes or does not contribute to utilization of health care services. Provide a minimum of three references from professional health care literature to support your arguments. (See samples of essays to guide your writing.)

- Response Post: Evaluate a classmate’s analysis of Gawande’s premise. Do you agree or disagree, and why or why not? In your evaluation, describe at least two other factors in addition to utilization that can impact overall healthcare costs in any community. Provide a minimum of two references from the professional health care literature to support your response.

Quiz

Week 6 – Environmental Health

Learning Objectives

Explain the effects of environmental factors on a population’s health
Learning Objective: Compare the organization, structure and function of public health and regulatory systems across national settings.

Lectures, Readings and Useful Links

Lectures
- Chapter 20
- Chapters 21-22
- Chapters 23-25
Read:
- Textbook Chapter 20: A clean environment: the basis of public health
Select one from the following chapters to address in your discussion this week:
- Textbook Chapter 21: Clean air: is it safe to breathe?
- Textbook Chapter 22: Clean water: a limited resource
- Textbook Chapter 23: Solid and hazardous wastes: what to do with the garbage?
- Textbook Chapter 24: Safe food and drugs: an ongoing regulatory battle
- Textbook Chapter 25: Population: the ultimate environmental health issue

Useful Links:

Activities

Discussion
- Initial Post: After reading Chapter 20 and listening to the lectures, select a topic that is covered in one of the other chapters and that you are interested in researching further. Locate a peer-reviewed article addressing your topic of choice, and use the information in the chapter and article to support a 250-500 word analysis of how national, and/or international, regulatory systems protect the public health. If they are not effectively protecting the public health, argue that point. Be sure to cite your sources and to format your post and references using AMA style.
- Response Posts: Post at least 2 responses to the initial posts, on topics that are not your own. In your response, compare the structure and function of the regulatory system addressing your classmates’ environmental health area to the topic you covered in your initial post. Try to identify larger patterns that may link or differentiate the topics.
Quiz

Week 7 – Global Public Health

Learning Objectives

Compare the organization, structure and function of public health across international settings
Explain how globalization affects global burdens of disease

Lectures, Videos and Readings

Lecture
- Global Health
Readings
- Introduction in Merson, pp. xvii-xxiv
- Chapter 18 in Merson, Globalization and Health, pp. 885-908
- Textbook Chapter 10: The Resurgence of Infectious Diseases
- WHO website: Read “about WHO” http://www.who.int/about/en/
  - WHO on Emergencies: http://www.who.int/emergencies/en/
Videos
- WHO: Guardian of Health
  - Read the pdf file: The Global Guardian of Public Health (12 pages, 2016)
- WHO: Health Emergencies Programme

Activities

Discussion
- Initial post: Choose one of the latest emergencies or outbreaks WHO is involved in at http://www.who.int/emergencies/en/
  
  You are a WHO official assisting in this emergency. Write a letter to a partner you want to collaborate with and briefly explain the emergency. Explain the problems you are encountering and why you need their help in this emergency.

- Response Post: Select one your classmate’s requests for help. You are the partner responding to the WHO official’s request for help. Explain to the WHO official why your organization will agree to help and the skills/expertise your organization has helping in such an emergency. Also, ask the WHO official any questions you still may have regarding the emergency and what the WHO plans to do about it.
Quiz

Week 8 – One Health

Learning Objectives

Explain an ecological perspective on the connections among human health, animal health and ecosystem health (e.g., One Health)

Lectures, Videos and Readings

Lecture
- One Health
Readings
- Riegelman, R and Kirkwood, B. (2018). One Health: From AIDS to Zika.
- Zinsstag, J., Mackenzie, J.S., Jeggo, M., Heymann, D.L., Patz, J.A., & Daszak, P. (2012). Mainstreaming One Health. EcoHealth, 9: 107-110.
Videos:
- Conservation South Africa’s “One Health Initiative”
- FAO and Antimicrobial Resistance

Activities

Assignment
- For this assignment, please write a 2-3 page response paper reacting to the prompt below. Your paper should draw on the module readings and videos, as well as outside articles (the academic and gray literature only – as discussed in week 2) to support your arguments. Be sure to reference and properly cite throughout, in AMA style.
  As highlighted in the video from FAO, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is currently one of the most important global health challenges we face, and one that exemplifies the need for a One Health approach which requires us to develop a public health response from a systems, or ecological, perspective.
  
  First, discuss Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) from this One Health perspective, being sure to describe how AMR affects the health of animals, humans, and the environment. Then, engaging with the arguments made in the Zinsstag reading, evaluate whether or not you think that mainstreaming One Health is an effective response for addressing AMR globally.

Student Resources

Online Student Support

Your Student Support Specialist is a resource for you. Please don't hesitate to contact them for assistance, including, but not limited to course planning, current problems or issues in a course, technology concerns, or personal emergencies.

Questions? Visit the Student Support Public Health page

UNE Libraries:

Library Access for all students: Your library login ID and password are the same as the ones you use to log into Brightspace.
Public Health Databases: https://library.une.edu/library-materials/find/research-by-subject/public-health/
Library Questions: Ask a librarian or phone library staff at (207) 602-2361 or (207) 221-4330.

UNE Student Academic Success Center

UNE's Student Academic Success Center (SASC) offers a range of free online services to support your academic achievement. Writing support, ESOL support, study strategy and learning style consultations, as well as downloadable resources, are available to all matriculating students. The SASC also offers tutoring for GPH 712 Epidemiology, GPH 716 Biostatistics, GPH 717 Applied Epidemiology, GPH 718 Biostatistics II, and GPH 719 Research Methods. To make an appointment for any of these services, go to une.tutortrac.com. For more information and to view and download writing and studying resources, please visit:

UNE Student Academic Success Center

Information Technology Services (ITS)

ITS Contact: Toll Free Help Desk 24 hours/7 days per week at 1-877-518-4673

Accommodations

Any student who would like to request, or ask any questions regarding, academic adjustments or accommodations must contact the Student Access Center at (207) 221-4438 or pcstudentaccess@une.edu. Student Access Center staff will evaluate the student's documentation and determine eligibility of accommodation(s) through the Student Access Center registration procedure.

Online Peer Support

Togetherall is a 24/7 communication and emotional support platform monitored by trained clinicians. It’s a safe place online to get things off your chest, have conversations, express yourself creatively, and learn how to manage your mental health. If sharing isn’t your thing, Togetherall has other tools and courses to help you look after yourself with plenty of resources to explore. Whether you’re struggling to cope, feeling low, or just need a place to talk, Togetherall can help you explore your feelings in a safe supportive environment. You can join Togetherall using your UNE email address.

Information Technology Services (ITS)

Students should notify their Student Support Specialist and instructor in the event of a problem relating to a course. This notification should occur promptly and proactively to support timely resolution.

ITS Contact: Toll-Free Help Desk 24 hours/7 days per week at 1-877-518-4673.

Career Ready Program

The College of Professional Studies supports its online students and alumni in their career journey!

The Career Ready Program provides tools and resources to help students explore and hone in on their career goals, search for jobs, create and improve professional documents, build professional network, learn interview skills, grow as a professional, and more. Come back often, at any time, as you move through your journey from career readiness as a student to career growth, satisfaction, and success as alumni.

Policies

AMA Writing Style Statement

The American Medical Association Manual (AMA) of Style, 11th edition is the required writing format for this course. Additional support for academic writing and AMA format is provided throughout the coursework as well as at the UNE Portal for Online Students.

Online resources: AMA Style Guide

Turnitin Originality Check and Plagiarism Detection Tool

The College of Professional Studies uses Turnitin to help deter plagiarism and to foster the proper attribution of sources. Turnitin provides comparative reports for submitted assignments that reflect similarities in other written works. This can include, but is not limited to, previously submitted assignments, internet articles, research journals, and academic databases.

Make sure to cite your sources appropriately as well as use your own words in synthesizing information from published literature. Webinars and workshops, included early in your coursework, will help guide best practices in APA citation and academic writing.

You can learn more about Turnitin in the guide on how to navigate your Similarity Report.

Technology Requirements

Please review the technical requirements for UNE Online Graduate Programs: Technical Requirements

Course Evaluation Policy

Course surveys are one of the most important tools that University of New England uses for evaluating the quality of your education, and for providing meaningful feedback to instructors on their teaching. In order to assure that the feedback is both comprehensive and precise, we need to receive it from each student for each course. Evaluation access is distributed via UNE email at the beginning of the last week of the course.

Late Policy

Students are responsible for submitting work by the date indicated in Brightspace.

Quizzes and Tests: Quizzes and tests must be completed by the due date. They will not be accepted after the due date.

Assignments: Unless otherwise specified, assignments will be accepted up to 3 days late; however, there is a 10% grade reduction (from the total points) for the late submission. After three days the assignment will not be accepted.

Discussion posts: If the initial post is submitted late, but still within the discussion board week, there will be a 10% grade reduction from the total discussion grade (e.g., a 3 point discussion will be reduced by 0.3 points). Any posts submitted after the end of the Discussion Board week will not be graded.

Please make every effort ahead of time to contact your instructor and your student support specialist if you are not able to meet an assignment deadline. Arrangements for extenuating circumstances may be considered by faculty.

Student Handbook Online - Policies and Procedures

The policies contained within this document apply to all students in the College of Graduate and Professional Studies. It is each student's responsibility to know the contents of this handbook.

Student Handbook

UNE Course Withdrawal

Please contact your student support specialist if you are considering dropping or withdrawing from a course. The last day to drop for 100% tuition refund is the 2nd day of the course. Financial Aid charges may still apply. Students using Financial Aid should contact the Financial Aid Office prior to withdrawing from a course.

Academic Integrity

The University of New England values academic integrity in all aspects of the educational experience. Academic dishonesty in any form undermines this standard and devalues the original contributions of others. It is the responsibility of all members of the University community to actively uphold the integrity of the academy; failure to act, for any reason, is not acceptable. For information about plagiarism and academic misconduct, please visit https://www.une.edu/studentlife/plagiarism.

Academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to the following:

Cheating, copying, or the offering or receiving of unauthorized assistance or information.
Fabrication or falsification of data, results, or sources for papers or reports.
Action which destroys or alters the work of another student.
Multiple submissions of the same paper or report for assignments in more than one course without permission of each instructor.
Plagiarism, the appropriation of records, research, materials, ideas, or the language of other persons or writers and the submission of them as one's own.

Charges of academic dishonesty will be reviewed by the Program Director. Penalties for students found responsible for violations may depend upon the seriousness and circumstances of the violation, the degree of premeditation involved, and/or the student’s previous record of violations. Appeal of a decision may be made to the Dean whose decision will be final. Student appeals will take place through the grievance process outlined in the student handbook.

Attendance Policy

8 week: Students taking online graduate courses through the College of Professional Studies will be administratively dropped for non-participation if a graded assignment/discussion post is not submitted before Sunday at 11:59 pm ET of the first week of the term. Reinstatement is at the purview of the Dean's Office.

16 week: Students taking online graduate courses through the College of Professional Studies will be administratively dropped for non-participation if a graded assignment/discussion post is not submitted before Friday at 11:59 pm ET of the second week of the term. Reinstatement is at the purview of the Dean's Office.

Student Handbook Online - Policies and Procedures

The policies contained within this document apply to all students in the College of Professional Studies. It is each student's responsibility to know the contents of this handbook.

UNE Online Student Handbook

UNE Course Withdrawal

Academic Integrity

Academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to the following:

Cheating, copying, or the offering or receiving of unauthorized assistance or information.
Fabrication or falsification of data, results, or sources for papers or reports.
Action which destroys or alters the work of another student.
Multiple submissions of the same paper or report for assignments in more than one course without permission of each instructor.
Plagiarism, the appropriation of records, research, materials, ideas, or the language of other persons or writers and the submission of them as one's own.