Syllabus

Masters of Nursing

NSG 505: Advanced Pathophysiology

Credits - 3

Description

This graduate-level course explores the biological and physiological mechanisms underlying disease processes across the lifespan, with an emphasis on the integration of cellular, neurologic, endocrine, immune, and multisystem function. Students will examine the body’s adaptive responses to stress, injury, and illness and analyze how alterations in normal physiology contribute to clinical manifestations. Psychiatric–mental health nurse practitioner students will connect pathophysiologic concepts to behavioral and cognitive symptoms, fostering a whole-person understanding of disease. Through readings, discussion, and case-based application, students will develop the foundational scientific knowledge necessary for advanced clinical reasoning and evidence-informed practice.

Materials

McCance & Huether, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults & Children, 9th Edition

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

  • Explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying normal physiology and their disruption in disease states.
  • Analyze the interrelationships among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors in the development and progression of disease.
  • Integrate neurobiologic, endocrine, and immune system concepts to explain the pathophysiology of common and complex conditions.
  • Differentiate between physiologic and pathophysiologic processes across organ systems and life stages.
  • Apply pathophysiologic principles to clinical decision-making in the assessment and management of patients with psychiatric and medical comorbidities.
  • Evaluate current scientific evidence to support a whole-person, integrative understanding of health and illness.

Assignments

Discussions (Weeks 1, 2, 5 and 8)

Course discussions provide an opportunity to deepen your understanding of pathophysiology through dialogue, reflection, and collaborative learning. Each discussion is structured around a central physiologic or system-level concept and invites you to apply course content to varied clinical contexts and patient experiences.

In each discussion, you are encouraged to explore how physiologic processes interact with environmental, developmental, and contextual factors to shape mental health symptoms and clinical presentations.

Through engaging with peers, you will practice explaining complex ideas clearly, considering multiple perspectives, and refining your thinking over time. These discussions support the development of professional communication skills and reinforce the course’s whole-person, systems-based approach to understanding health and illness.

Clinical Reasoning Exercises (Weekly)

In each week of the course, you will complete Clinical Reasoning Exercises designed to help you practice applying foundational pathophysiologic concepts to realistic patient presentations. Each exercise introduces a new patient scenario aligned with the week’s physiologic focus, allowing you to explore how disruptions in normal physiology can influence mental health symptoms and functional outcomes.

These exercises emphasize mechanism-based explanation rather than diagnosis or treatment selection. Your goal is to articulate how and why specific physiologic processes may contribute to the patient’s presentation, using course concepts to support your reasoning. They are meant to strengthen your ability to think physiologically, tolerate uncertainty, and clearly explain clinical reasoning, skills that are essential for advanced nursing practice.

Patient Case Development Assignments (Weeks 4, 6 and 8)

You will create your own patient case, with the focus on physiologic plausibility and clinical reasoning (not creative storytelling). In the Week 4, 6 and 8 assignments, you will develop and deepen your understanding of one patient as new clinical information becomes available.

Each assignment represents a different point in the patient’s case:

  • Week 4 Assignment: Patient Case Development: Initial Presentation
      • Focuses on your initial understanding of the patient, using foundational physiologic concepts to explain mental health symptoms before advanced diagnostic information is available.
  • Week 6 Assignment: Patient Case Development: Increasing Complexity
      • Introduces new clinical data and greater complexity, requiring you to revise and expand your reasoning as additional body systems become involved.
  • Week 8 Assignment: Patient Case Development: Integrated Care Perspective
    • Represents your most complete understanding of the patient, integrating multisystem physiology, accumulated symptom burden, and overall health context.

In each of these assignments, your goal is not to “get the right answer” early, but to demonstrate how clinical reasoning evolves as more information is gathered. This mirrors real clinical practice, where understanding develops over time and across disciplines.

Throughout these assignments, the emphasis will remain on explaining physiologic mechanisms, understanding whole-person impact, and prioritizing clinical considerations, rather than on diagnostic criteria or treatment algorithms.

Grading Policy

Your grade in this course will be determined by the following criteria:

Grade Breakdown

Weekly Self-Check Questions (not graded)0
Week 1 Discussion: Introductions1
Week 1 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise5
Week 2 Discussion: Genetics and Neurologic Vulnerability6
Week 2 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise5
Week 3 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise5
Week 4 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise5
Week 4 Assignment: Patient Case Development: Initial Presentation10
Week 5 Discussion: Gut-brain, stress and lifestyle6
Week 5 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise5
Week 6 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise5
Week 6 Assignment: Patient Case Development: Increasing Complexity12
Week 7 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise5
Week 8 Discussion: Integration and Evidence8
Week 8 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise 5
Week 8 Assignment: Patient Case Development: Integrated Care Perspective17
Total100

Grade Scale

Grade Points Grade Point Average (GPA)
A 94 – 100% 4.00
A- 90 – 93% 3.75
B+ 87 – 89% 3.50
B 84 – 86% 3.00
B- 80 – 83% 2.75
C+ 77 – 79% 2.50
C 74 – 76% 2.00
C- 70 – 73% 1.75
D 64 – 69% 1.00
F 00 – 63% 0.00

Schedule

Course Schedule:

Week 1: Wednesday – Sunday
Week 2: Monday – Sunday
Week 3: Monday – Sunday
Week 4: Monday – Sunday
Week 5: Monday – Sunday
Week 6: Monday – Sunday
Week 7: Monday – Sunday
Week 8: Monday – Sunday
Week 9: Monday – Sunday
Week 10: Monday – Sunday
Week 11: Monday – Sunday
Week 12: Monday – Sunday
Week 13: Monday – Sunday
Week 14: Monday – Sunday

Week 1: Foundations of Cellular Function and Genetic Mechanisms

  • This week introduces the cellular and molecular foundations of human pathophysiology.
  • Assignment:
    • Week 1 Discussion: Introductions
    • Week 1 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 1 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Week 2: Neurologic Foundations and Alterations in Function

  • Building on cellular principles, Week 2 focuses on the structure and function of the nervous system and its relevance to psychiatric practice.
  • Assignment:
    • Week 2 Discussion: Genetics and Neurologic Vulnerability
    • Week 2 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 2 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Week 3: Neuropathophysiology and Neuroendocrine Regulation

  • This week builds on foundational neuroanatomy and cellular principles to explore the neurobiologic and endocrine mechanisms that shape brain function and behavior.
  • Assignment:
    • Week 3 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 3 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Week 4: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Renal Pathophysiology

  • This week examines the interrelated roles of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems in maintaining internal balance and responding to physiologic stress.
  • Assignment: 
    • Week 4 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 4 Assignment: Patient Case Development – Initial Presentation
    • Week 4 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Week 5: astrointestinal and Hepatic Pathophysiology

  • This week provides an in-depth review of gastrointestinal and hepatic structure and function, emphasizing the coordinated roles of these systems in digestion, absorption, metabolism, and detoxification.
  • Assignments:
    • Week 5 Discussion: The Gut–Brain Axis and Symptom Amplification
    • Week 5 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 5 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Week 6: Renal Pathophysiology and Fluid–Electrolyte Balance

  • This week examines the renal and urinary systems as central regulators of fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance.
  • Assignment: 
    • Week 6 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 6 Assignment: Patient Case Development – Increasing Complexity
    • Week 6 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Week 7: Endocrine, Metabolic, and Immune Regulation

  • This week integrates endocrine, metabolic, and immune physiology to examine how the body regulates energy balance, stress adaptation, and inflammation.
  • Assignment:
    • Week 7 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 7 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Week 8: Systems Integration and Multisystem Disorders

  • This final week synthesizes concepts from throughout the course to illustrate how physiologic, endocrine, immune, and neurologic systems interact under conditions of stress and disease.
  • Assignments:
    • Week 8 Discussion: Delirium as a Multisystem Brain Failure
    • Week 8 Assignment: Clinical Reasoning Exercise
    • Week 8 Assignment: Patient Case Development – Integrated Care Perspective
    • Week 8 Self-Check Questions (not graded)

Student Resources

Online Student Support

Your Enrollment and Retention Counselor is a resource for you. Please don't hesitate to contact them for assistance, including, but not limited to course planning, current problems or issues in a course, technology concerns, or personal emergencies.

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Any student who would like to request, or ask any questions regarding, academic adjustments or accommodations must contact the Student Access Center at (207) 221-4438 or pcstudentaccess@une.edu. Student Access Center staff will evaluate the student's documentation and determine eligibility of accommodation(s) through the Student Access Center registration procedure.

Online Peer Support

Togetherall is a 24/7 communication and emotional support platform monitored by trained clinicians. It’s a safe place online to get things off your chest, have conversations, express yourself creatively, and learn how to manage your mental health. If sharing isn’t your thing, Togetherall has other tools and courses to help you look after yourself with plenty of resources to explore. Whether you’re struggling to cope, feeling low, or just need a place to talk, Togetherall can help you explore your feelings in a safe supportive environment. You can join Togetherall using your UNE email address.

Information Technology Services (ITS)

Students should notify their student success team member and instructor in the event of a problem relating to a course. This notification should occur promptly and proactively to support timely resolution.

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Phone: Mon-Fri: (207) 602-2487

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Policies

Community and Belonging

The online classroom is a place where we want all students to feel welcomed, to be able to both learn and contribute to their own and their peers’ growth. We respect all dimensions of diversity and the intersections thereof. We embrace learning about our sameness, differences, and intersectionality as it will help us to understand ourselves and others in preparation for work in the health professions. We value the authenticity, transparency, and the humanity of others. We expect everyone in the UNE community to treat each other with respect and civility during the exchange of diverse perspectives and recognize that growth often comes from difficult conversations.

We value the provision of equitable access to educational experiences at UNE, and if there are ways you can envision we improve this, please contact your faculty and/or the Student Access Center. For example, if your name is different from the roster, or if our pronunciation is incorrect, please let your faculty know. If there are physical and social barriers that make it difficult to participate in coursework, please contact the Student Access Center. If a student has feedback on their experience in the classroom, performance, or diversity of topics discussed, please contact your instructor or your Enrollment and Retention Counselor Community and Belonging are embedded in the Mission, Vision, and Values of the University of New England. If a student experiences any form of discrimination on campus, contact the Title IX and Office of Civil Rights Coordinator: Ms. Angela Shambarger (ashambarger@une.edu) or the Dean of Students: Dr. Jennifer DeBurro (jdeburro@une.edu).

Passing Grade Statement

A grade of 80% or higher is required to pass the course. A grade lower than 80% will result in you having to repeat the course. Any student who receives a grade of F in one (1) or more courses may be subject to dismissal from the program.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Statement

Learning to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) responsibly and ethically is an important skill in today’s society. AI is not a substitute for developing and enhancing skills in creativity, logic, critical thinking, analysis, evaluation, theorization, and writing essential to a public health professional. If you choose to use AI tools, such as ChatGPT and DALL-E2, they must be used wisely and intelligently to deepen your understanding of a subject matter and support learning. You are not allowed to use AI tools to generate your work. Content produced using AI tools cannot be used as a substitute for your original work.

Students in the PMHNP Program must take ultimate responsibility for the accuracy of AI-generated content used in any work. You are expected to think critically about the results and alignment with the questions or tasks in the assignment and never substitute AI-generated results for professional human judgment and logic. The PMHNP Program students are also expected to understand that the information generated is not always accurate and, in some cases, propagates discrimination and bias. You must stay abreast of AI best practices, and the changing risks and benefits, and monitor AI for biases and risks for vulnerable populations and underrepresented groups.

Using AI-generated content in academic work falls under our academic integrity policies. All instructors will continue to use our AI detection software for each assignment submitted so it will be flagged.

Using any AI tool in your work must be acknowledged in-text every time it is used, not in your list of references. You will include a summary of what the AI tool was used to do, followed by the AI tool brand name, version/extension #, manufacturer/owner, and date used in parentheses.

For example, 

Themes from participant responses were identified using a chatbot session (ChatGPT, model GPT-4, OpenAI, May 17, 2025).

Failure to acknowledge the inclusion of AI-generated content in any work submitted violates our academic integrity policies and will be considered an infraction with the associated penalties for plagiarism as outlined in the Student Handbook.

The Student Orientation has a module "Artificial Intelligence Literacy for Students", please refer to this module for more information about navigating the use of AI.

Proctored Examinations

Your course may have proctored exams. You may use a built-in camera and microphone in your laptop for proctored exam sessions. Please see your course for full details, access, testing requirements, and guidelines.

Students must follow all proctoring requirements for their exams to be credited. Please contact your instructor for specific feedback.

Turnitin Originality Check and Plagiarism Detection Tool

The University of New England uses Turnitin to help deter plagiarism and to foster the proper attribution of sources. Turnitin provides comparative reports for submitted assignments that reflect similarities in other written works. This can include, but is not limited to, previously submitted assignments, internet articles, research journals, and academic databases.

Make sure to cite your sources appropriately as well as use your own words in synthesizing information from published literature. Webinars and workshops, included early in your coursework, will help guide best practices in APA citation and academic writing.

You can learn more about Turnitin in the guide on how to navigate your Similarity Report.

Course Evaluation Policy

Course surveys are one of the most important tools that University of New England uses for evaluating the quality of your education, and for providing meaningful feedback to instructors on their teaching. In order to assure that the feedback is both comprehensive and precise, we need to receive it from each student for each course. Evaluation access is distributed via UNE email at the beginning of the last week of the course.

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Technology Requirements

Please review the technical requirements for UNE Online Graduate Programs: Technical Requirements

Late Policy

Students are responsible for submitting work by the date indicated in Brightspace.

Quizzes and Tests: Quizzes and tests must be completed by the due date. They will not be accepted after the due date.

Assignments: Unless otherwise specified, assignments will be accepted up to 3 days late; however, there is a 10% grade reduction (from the total points) for the late submission. After three days the assignment will not be accepted.

Discussion posts: If the initial post is submitted late, but still within the discussion board week, there will be a 10% grade reduction from the total discussion grade (e.g., a 3 point discussion will be reduced by 0.3 points). Any posts submitted after the end of the Discussion Board week will not be graded.

Please make every effort ahead of time to contact your instructor and your student support specialist if you are not able to meet an assignment deadline. Arrangements for extenuating circumstances may be considered by faculty.

Attendance Policy

Students taking online graduate courses through the Westbrook College of Health Professions will be administratively dropped for non-participation if a graded assignment/discussion post is not submitted before Friday at 11:59 pm ET of the second week of the AB term. Reinstatement is at the purview of the Dean’s Office.

PMHNP Student Handbook - Policies and Procedures

Students in the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner program are expected to abide by the PMHNP Program Handbook. It is each student's responsibility to know the contents of this handbook.

UNE Course Withdrawal

Please contact your Enrollment and Retention Counselor if you are considering dropping or withdrawing from a course. Tuition charges may still apply. Students are strongly urged to consult with Student Financial Services, as course withdrawals may affect financial aid or Veterans benefits.

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Academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to the following:

  1. Cheating, copying, or the offering or receiving of unauthorized assistance or information.
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  3. Action which destroys or alters the work of another student.
  4. Multiple submissions of the same paper or report for assignments in more than one course without permission of each instructor.
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