Syllabus

Graduate Programs in Public Health

GPH 712 – Principles of Epidemiology – Fall B 2020

Credits - 3

Description

This course is designed to introduce students to the basic principles of epidemiology as they apply to public health practice. Content will include: a historical perspective on epidemiology, descriptive epidemiology, effect measures, study designs, bias, surveillance, and screening for disease. Emphasis will be placed on investigative techniques, epidemiological methodology, and critical thinking about epidemiological studies and data. 

Materials

Merrill RM. Introduction to epidemiology. Seventh edition ed. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2017.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

Public Health Competencies

  • FC 1: Apply epidemiological methods to the breadth of settings and situations in public health practice.

Assignments

Discussions

Each student is expected to post at least twice each week in response to forum questions on that week’s topic and to their classmates (1 initial post and 1 response post, minimum). Posts that count toward the minimum must be between 250 and 500 words. Because this is an online course, the online discussion portion is an important way to exchange ideas with your classmates. Students will be graded on their participation and effort of their posts. These posts will take time to complete but they are an essential part of this online course and a great way to get to know your colleagues. Please be familiar with the course material (readings/lectures) before posting each week. Full marks will be given to those who ask questions, bring in new data from the literature or other resources, and demonstrate a thorough understanding of the topics for the week.

Case Studies

Case studies are where students will principally exhibit their ability to apply epidemiological methods across of breadth of settings and situations. Each case study emphasizes different epidemiological tools in response to different real-world situations. You will apply the tools to calculate the data needed for evidence-driven interventions. 

Final Exam

The Final Exam will be a combinatory assessment of the epidemiological principles, concepts, methods, and terminology covered during the course. You will be asked to make some calculations as well. The final exam is due on Friday of the final week.

Reflection Assignment

At the very end of the class, the reflection assignment will have students look back at the different pieces, constituting the “breadth” of epidemiological methods as defined in the program outcome this course is designed to fulfill, and attempt to synthesize them into an understanding of epidemiology as a whole. 

Grading Policy

Your grade in this course will be determined by the following criteria:

Grade Breakdown

AssignmentPoint Value
Discussions (Weeks 1-6, 3.5 points each)21
Week 1 Case Study: Classifying Diseases, Epidemiological Triangle, Prevention and Control10
Week 2 Case Study: Use public health descriptive data to describe a community/population10
Week 2 Quiz5
Week 3 Case Study: Case Control Study10
Week 4 Case Study: Cohort Study10
Week 6 Case Study: Water's edge outbreak10
Week 7 Case Study: Screening10
Final Exam10
Week 8 Discussion: Advocating for Epidemiology4
Total100

Grade Scale

Grade Points Grade Point Average (GPA)
A 94 – 100% 4.00
A- 90 – 93% 3.75
B+ 87 – 89% 3.50
B 84 – 86% 3.00
B- 80 – 83% 2.75
C+ 77 – 79% 2.50
C 74 – 76% 2.00
C- 70 – 73% 1.75
D 64 – 69% 1.00
F 00 – 63% 0.00

Schedule

Weekly Schedule

  • Week 1: Oct 21 – Oct 28
  • Week 2: Oct 28 – Nov 4
  • Week 3: Nov 4 – Nov 11
  • Week 4: Nov 11 – Nov 18
  • Week 5: Nov 18 – Nov 25
  • Week 6: Nov 25 – Dec 2
  • Week 7: Dec 2 – Dec 9
  • Week 8: Dec 9 – Dec 13

Week 1: Foundation, History, and Disease Concepts in Epidemiology

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Discuss historical developments in epidemiology
  • Apply fundamental epidemiological concepts

Readings/Videos:

  • Text: Chapters 1, 2, 3
  • CDC Lesson One: All sections except Analytic and Descriptive Epidemiology
  • Lecture Videos

Assignments:

  • Discussion: Introduce Yourself 
    • Please post an introduction to your classmates. Provide some basic information about you—where you live, what you do, a fun fact about yourself. Also, identify a historical epidemiological event, or important figure, that occurred or did something important no sooner than 10 years ago. Describe the event and how it influences present-day epidemiology.
  • Case Study: Classifying Diseases, Epidemiological Triangle, Prevention, and Control
    • In this case study, you will apply basic epidemiological principles to classify and define the agent, person, and environment of three different health conditions. You will then identify prevention strategies for those health conditions.
    •  

Week 2: Descriptive Epidemiology

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Apply key epidemiological measures to the health status of a population
  • Describe and discuss a public health issue in terms of person, place and time

Readings/Videos:

  • Text: Chapters 4, 5, 6
  • CDC Lessons 2, 3 and 4
  • Age Adjusting Rates
  • Direct Age Adjustments
  • Calculating age-adjusted rates
  • Lecture Videos

Assignments:

  • Discussion:
    • Initial Post: Pick a public health issue, describe in terms of person, place, and time.
    • Response Post: Pick a peer’s post and follow the prompts below:
      • Identify an epidemiological measure (examples: mortality rate, morbidity rate, risk data) and describe it as it relates to the initial post.
      • Identify a Healthy People 2020 goal or objective related to the disease. Describe what role epidemiology plays in reaching the Healthy People 2020 goal.
    • Case Study: Using public health descriptive data to describe a community/population
      • In this case study, you will compile descriptive epidemiological data and health indicators to create a community health assessment for a state of your choice. You will then analyze the compiled data from your assessment to identify, and justify, 3 priority health issues for that state’s population.
    • Week 2 Quiz

Week 3: Epidemiologic Study Designs I

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Apply concepts for cross sectional and case control studies
  • Calculate and interpret an odds ratio

Readings/Videos:

  • Text: Pages 71-72; 141-149
  • CDC Principles of Epidemiology
  • NIH
  • Video: CDC Create a 2×2 table
  • Lecture Videos

Assignments:

  • Discussion:
    • Initial Post: Pick a health issue. You are an epidemiologist designing a cross-sectional study to learn more about the issue. List 10 questions (not demographic) and choice of responses that you would include in the survey/questionnaire.
    • Response Post: Pick a peer’s health issue and questionnaire. Identify a cross-sectional study or survey on this issue, provide the link/reference, and describe the study/survey and key findings.
  • Case Study: Case-Control Study
    • In this case study, you will define the function and application of a case control study. Then you will apply your understanding of case control studies to the analysis of smoking and its relationship to lung cancer. Then you will interpret the results, apply your interpretation to a proposed intervention, and then evaluate the whole process.

Week 4: Epidemiologic Study Designs II

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Apply concepts for cohort and experimental studies
  • Calculate and interpret a relative risk

Readings/Videos:

  • Text: Pages 149-158, Chapter 8
  • CDC Principles of Epidemiology
  • NIH
  • Lecture Videos

Assignments:

  • Discussion:
    • Initial Post: Pick a public health issue. Describe an experimental study you would recommend related to learning more about the issue- causes, effects, prevention strategies, etc.
    • Response Post: Pick a peer’s post. Describe the ethical considerations for the experimental study and how they should be resolved.
  • Case Study: Cohort Study
    • In this case study, you will define the function and application of a cohort study, then apply your understanding of cohort studies to the analysis of developmental delays among children born near uranium mines. You will then calculate various ratios with your findings.

Week 5: Causal Inference and Hypothesis Testing

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Discuss causality
  • Apply hypothesis development and testing framework

Readings/Videos:

  • Text: Chapter 9
  • BU
  • Lecture Video

Assignments:

  • Discussion:
    • Initial Post: Identify a study that has been highlighted in the mainstream media- TV, newspaper, Facebook, etc.  Based on the media story alone, do you think the study was portrayed accurately?  Did they use epidemiological terms and concepts correctly?  What words did they use to describe exposure and outcome (examples: association, linked to, causes, etc.)?  Did they use the correct words?
    • Response post: Pick a peer’s post. Research the original study summarized in the media.  Apply and describe the causal guidelines on page 181 of the textbook as it relates to the original study.  Did the mainstream media portray the study accurately?

Week 6: Field Epidemiology

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Apply steps in conducting a field investigation

Readings/Videos:

  • Text: Chapter 10
  • CDC Lessons 5 and 6
  • Lecture Video

Assignments:

  • Discussion:
    • Initial Post: Pick a recent outbreak reported in a CDC MMWR.  Answer the following questions: How did they know it was an outbreak? How did they define cases? How would you classify the epidemic (page 196)? How did they collect data/information? How did they confirm the source of the outbreak? How factors contributed to the spread of disease?
    • Response Post: Pick a peer’s post.  List 4 prevention strategies for preventing further spread of the disease, controlling the outbreak, and avoiding outbreaks in the future.
  • Assignment: Water’s edge Outbreak Case Study
    • In this case study, you will play through the Watersedge simulation. You will then analyze and evaluate the process by which the simulation led you through studying and responding to the outbreak.

Week 7: Clinical Epidemiology

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Apply different characteristics and evaluation methods to a screening test

Readings/Videos:

  • Text: Chapter 12
  • MMWR
  • Lecture Video

Assignments:

  • Case Study: Screening
    • In this case study, you will create tools for screening children for Down Syndrome. You will then apply those tools to calculate various values related to this specific application of epidemiological screening.

Week 8: Applications of Epidemiology

Weekly Outcomes:

  • Discuss the purpose and role of epidemiology in promoting public health

Readings/Videos:

  • Omran. “Population epidemiology: an emerging field of inquiry for population and health students.”
  • Lecture video

Assignments:

  • Final Exam, due on Friday
  • Advocating for Epidemiology Reflection Discussion
    • In the United States, the purpose of public health is often not understood by leaders and policymakers. As a result, the importance of public health is questioned and funding can be jeopardized. What role do you think epidemiology has in addressing this issue? In this small essay post, provide at least one specific recommendation for epidemiologists in creating awareness of public health and its place in health communities.

      Note: Responses are not required, and will not be graded for this assignment.

Student Resources

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UNE's Student Academic Success Center (SASC) offers a range of free online services to support your academic achievement. Writing support, ESOL support, study strategy and learning style consultations, as well as downloadable resources, are available to all matriculating students. The SASC also offers tutoring for GPH 712 Epidemiology, GPH 716 Biostatistics, GPH 717 Applied Epidemiology, GPH 718 Biostatistics II, and GPH 719 Research Methods. To make an appointment for any of these services, go to une.tutortrac.com. For more information and to view and download writing and studying resources, please visit:

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Policies

AMA Writing Style Statement

The American Medical Association Manual (AMA) of Style, 11th edition is the required writing format for this course. Additional support for academic writing and AMA format is provided throughout the coursework as well as at the UNE Portal for Online Students.

Online resources: AMA Style Guide

Turnitin Originality Check and Plagiarism Detection Tool

The College of Professional Studies uses Turnitin to help deter plagiarism and to foster the proper attribution of sources. Turnitin provides comparative reports for submitted assignments that reflect similarities in other written works. This can include, but is not limited to, previously submitted assignments, internet articles, research journals, and academic databases.

Make sure to cite your sources appropriately as well as use your own words in synthesizing information from published literature. Webinars and workshops, included early in your coursework, will help guide best practices in APA citation and academic writing.

You can learn more about Turnitin in the Turnitin Student quick start guide.

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Please review the technical requirements for UNE Online Graduate Programs: Technical Requirements

Course Evaluation Policy

Course surveys are one of the most important tools that University of New England uses for evaluating the quality of your education, and for providing meaningful feedback to instructors on their teaching. In order to assure that the feedback is both comprehensive and precise, we need to receive it from each student for each course. Evaluation access is distributed via UNE email at the beginning of the last week of the course.

Late Policy

Students are responsible for submitting work by the date indicated in Brightspace.

Quizzes and Tests: Quizzes and tests must be completed by the due date. They will not be accepted after the due date.

Assignments: Unless otherwise specified, assignments will be accepted up to 3 days late; however, there is a 10% grade reduction (from the total points) for the late submission. After three days the assignment will not be accepted.

Discussion posts: If the initial post is submitted late, but still within the discussion board week, there will be a 10% grade reduction from the total discussion grade (e.g., a 3 point discussion will be reduced by 0.3 points). Any posts submitted after the end of the Discussion Board week will not be graded.

Please make every effort ahead of time to contact your instructor and your student support specialist if you are not able to meet an assignment deadline. Arrangements for extenuating circumstances may be considered by faculty.

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Student Handbook

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Academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to the following:

  1. Cheating, copying, or the offering or receiving of unauthorized assistance or information.
  2. Fabrication or falsification of data, results, or sources for papers or reports.
  3. Action which destroys or alters the work of another student.
  4. Multiple submissions of the same paper or report for assignments in more than one course without permission of each instructor.
  5. Plagiarism, the appropriation of records, research, materials, ideas, or the language of other persons or writers and the submission of them as one's own.

Charges of academic dishonesty will be reviewed by the Program Director. Penalties for students found responsible for violations may depend upon the seriousness and circumstances of the violation, the degree of premeditation involved, and/or the student’s previous record of violations.  Appeal of a decision may be made to the Dean whose decision will be final.  Student appeals will take place through the grievance process outlined in the student handbook.